Sejarah HP

Asal Usul Daerah di Tulungagung

Asal Usul Nama KALANGBRET

(Babad Kalangbret)

             Pada mulanya di Tulungagung ada seorang Adipati yang terkenal yaitu Adipati Betak Bedalem. Adipati Betak ini mempunyai 2 putri yang sangat cantik, yang pertama bernama  Roro Inggit dan yang kedua bernama Roro Kembangsore.

Putri Adipati Betak yang kedua ini banyak disenangi Adipati-Adipati Muda, bahkan kecantikannya sangat terkenal di Kota-Kota lain smapai di Kerajaan Mojopahit. Kerajaan Mojopahit yang Putranya bernama Pangeran Lembu Peteng, sebagai Pangeran yang sangat bagus parasnya juga mempunyai Keris yang sangat ampuh kegunaannya (Digdoyo). Pangeran Lembu Peteng ini juga berada di lingkungan Kadipatenan Bedalem, selain Pangeran Lembu Peteng juga ada Kasan Besari dan Adipati Kalang, yang sama-sama ada di lingkungan Kadipaten.

            Pangeran Lembu Peteng dan Adipati Kalang sama-sama jatuh cinta kepada Putri Adipati Betak yang bernama Roro Kembang Sore. Roro Kembangsore sangat cocok dan cinta kapada Pangeran Lembu Peteng, dan akhirnya kedua pasangan ii dinikahkan oleh Adipati Betak Bedalem (ayahnya Roro Kembang Sore). Mendengar berita itu, Adipati Kalang sangat marah dan murka, akhirnya Adipati Kalang mempunyai rencana membunuh Pangeran Lembu Peteng.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PEMBUKAAN DENGAN BATANG TUBUH UUD 1945

 LATAR BELAKANG MASALAH

Dalam system ketertiban hukum di Indonesia, penjelasan UUD 1945 menyatakan bahwa Pokok Pikiran itu meliputi suasana kebatinan dari Undang-Unndang Dasar Negara Indonesia serta mewujudkan cita-cita hukum, yang menguasai hukum dasar tertulis (UUD) dan yang tidak tertulis (Convensi), selanjutnya Pokok pikiran itu dijelmakan dalam pasal-pasal UUD 1945. Maka dapatlah disimpilkan bahwa suasana kebatinan undang undang dasar 1945 tidak lain dijiwai atau bersumber pada dasar filsafat Negara pancasila. Pengertian inilah yang menunujukkan kedudukan dan fungsi Pancasila sebagai dasa Negara Repiblik Indonesia.

Berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pembukaan UUD 1945, mempunyai fungsi hubungan langsung yang bersifat kasual organis dengan batang tubuh UUD 1945, karena isi dalam Pembukaan dijabarkan kedalam pasal-pasal UUD 1945. Maka pembukaan UUD 1945 yang memuat dasar filsafat Negara, dan undang-undang Dasar merupakan satu kesatuan, walaupundapat dipisahkan, bahkan merupakan rangkaian kesatuan nilai dan norma yang terpadu. Pembukaan UUD 1945 yang didalamnya terkandung pokok pokok pikiran Persatuan Indonesia., Keadilan Sosial, kedaulatan rakyat berdasarkan atas permusyawaratan perwakilan, serta Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa menurut dasar kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab, yang inti sarinya merupakan penjelmaan dari dasar filsafat pancasila itu sendirimemancarkan nilai nilai luhur yang telah mampu memberikan semangat kepada UUD 1945.

Macam Teks dalam Bahasa Inggris (THE KINDS OF TEXT WITH THE FEATURES)

PROCEDURE

Social function Procedure: To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instructions or directions.

Text organization:
1. Goals ( the final purpose of doing the instruction)
2. Materials ( ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions)
3. Steps ( a set of instruction to achieve the final purpose)
Language features :

• Use of imperative ( Cut…….., Don’t mix……..)
• Use of action verbs (turn, put)
• Use of connectives(first, then, finally)

NEUROLINGUISTICS

NEUROLINGUISTICS

Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language. As an interdisciplinary field, neurolinguistics draws methodology and theory from fields such as neuroscience, linguistics, cognitive science, neurobiology, communication disorders, neuropsychology, and computer science. Researchers are drawn to the field from a variety of backgrounds, bringing along a variety of experimental techniques as well as widely varying theoretical perspectives. Much work in neurolinguistics is informed by models in psycholinguistics and theoretical linguistics, and is focused on investigating how the brain can implement the processes that theoretical and psycholinguistics propose are necessary in producing and comprehending language. Neurolinguists study the physiological mechanisms by which the brain processes information related to language, and evaluate linguistic and psycholinguistic theories, using aphasiology, brain imaging, electrophysiology, and computer modeling.

How children learn language

How children learn language

Language learning for children is natural. Babies are born with the ability to learn it and that learning begins at birth. All children, no matter what language their parents speak, learn language much the same way. How children learn language can be classified into two:

1.      The child Learning language unconsciously (The child  learn the first Language)

That is the period of after the baby was born up to puberty period.

2.      The child learn language consciously ( Learning Second Language)

That is the period of the child learn language after puberty

Language learning must be separated into two distinct, but related Psychological process. Those are speech production and speech understanding. This learning takes place is explained as follow:

A.        Development of speech production.

            When babies are born, they can make and hear all the sounds in all the languages in the world. That’s about 150 sounds in about 6500 languages! However, no language uses all 150 sounds. The sounds a language uses are called phonemes and English has about 44. Some languages use more and some use fewer. In this stage, babies learn which phonemes belong to the language they are learning and which don’t. The ability to recognize and produce those sounds is called “phonemic awareness,”. Language develops at different rates in different children, but most children follow this pattern:

PHONETIC, PHONOLOGY AND NATURAL CLASSES

PHONETIC, PHONOLOGY AND NATURAL CLASSES

Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the sounds of human speech, or (in the case of sign languages) the equivalent aspects of sign. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds or signs (phones): their physiological production, acoustic properties, auditory perception, and neurophysiological status. Phonology, on the other hand, is concerned with the abstract, grammatical characterization of systems of sounds or signs. The field of phonetics is a multiple layered subject of linguistics that focuses on speech. In the case of oral languages there are three basic areas of study:

·         Articulatory phonetics      :   the study of the production of speech  sounds by  the  articulatory  and vocal tract by the speaker

·         Acoustic phonetics            :  the  study  of  the  physical  transmission  of  speech  sounds  from  the speaker to the listener

·         Auditory Phonetics           :  the study  of the  reception  and  perception of  speech  sounds  by  the Listener.

Phonology is the subdiscipline of linguistics concerned with the sounds of language. That is, it is the systematic use of sound to encode meaning in any spoken human language, or the field of linguistics studying this use. In more narrow terms, "phonology proper is concerned with the function, behavior and organization of sounds as linguistic items". Just as a language has syntax and vocabulary, it also has a phonology in the sense of a sound system. Phonology is viewed as the subfield of linguistics that deals with the sound systems of languages.